Scientific Computing

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Brain-computer Interface Used to Control Robotic Arms in Paralyzed Patients

Brain-computer Interface Used to Control Robotic Arms in Paralyzed Patients

Providence, RI (Scicasts) –  On April 12, 2011, nearly 15 years after she became paralyzed and unable to speak, a woman controlled a robotic arm by thinking about moving her...

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Close-up of 2.5-cm-wide cell microarray. Each spot is printed with a different virus that overexpresses, or turns on, a kinase gene. In this image, cells are visualized using a fluorescent DNA stain, illustrating the precision with which cells can be localized on the microarray. Image: Courtesy of Kris Wood

Functional Genomics Gets Tiny

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Cambridge, MA (Scicasts) – A little more than a decade ago, researchers discovered an ancient mechanism that cells use to silence genes. Like a dimmer switch turning down a light, RNA interference (RNAi) dials down gene activity in simple organisms as well as in humans.

The black region shows normal adhesion, with each black axis an independent type of adhesion failure. The red region shows adhesion defects making invasion most likely, as the yellow arrow denotes increasing risk of blood vessel invasion in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lining. The blue arrow follows reduced adhesion but with no increased risk of sub-RPE invasion; green arrow shows reduced adhesion between RPE and photoreceptors (POS) from impaired retina, reducing risk of sub-RPE invasion but increasing risk of other types of invasion.  Image: Indiana University Biocomplexity Institute

Researchers Discover New Treatment Path for Eye Disease

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Bloomington, IN (Scicasts) – Sloppy shipping of a donated human retina to an Indiana University researcher studying a leading cause of vision loss has inadvertently helped uncover a previously undetected mechanism causing the disease. The discovery has led researchers to urge review of how millions of dollars are spent investigating the cause of a type of age-related macular degeneration called choroidal neovascularization.

Artist's depiction of a cell being squeezed in a high-speed fluid flow (top). Mechanical properties can be gleaned by watching a water balloon hit a wall (middle) and a cell hit a wall of fluid (bottom). Image: UCLA

Engineers Put the Squeeze on Cells to Diagnose Disease

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Los Angeles, CA (Scicasts) – If you throw a rubber balloon filled with water against a wall, it will spread out and deform on impact, while the same balloon filled with honey, which is more viscous, will deform much less. If the balloon's elastic rubber was stiffer, an even smaller change in shape would be observed. By simply analyzing how much a balloon changes shape upon hitting a wall, you can uncover information about its physical properties.

Migraine Therapy: Computer model of the distribution of electrical current in the brain's pain network (sub-cortical and brainstem structures) during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Image: The City College of New York

Technology Eases Migraine Pain in the Deep Brain

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New York, NY (Scicasts) – Migraine pain sits at the upper end of the typical pain scale – an angry-red section often labelled “severe.” At this intensity, pain is debilitating. Yet many sufferers do not get relief from – or cannot tolerate – over-the-counter and commonly prescribed pain medications.

Berkeley Lab scientists observed phosphorylation in living PC12 cells stimulated by nerve growth factor as they differentiated and sent out neuron-like neurites. The researchers imaged individual cells and simultaneously obtained absorption spectra using synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Light Source. Cells not stimulated with nerve growth factor did not differentiate and showed different infrared absorption spectra.  Image: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Tracking Molecular Changes in Living Mammalian Cells

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Berkeley, CA (Scicasts) – Knowing how a living cell works means knowing how the chemistry inside the cell changes as the functions of the cell change. Protein phosphorylation, for example, controls everything from cell proliferation to differentiation to metabolism to signalling, and even programmed cell death (apoptosis), in cells from bacteria to humans. It's a chemical process that has long been intensively studied, not least in hopes of treating or eliminating a wide range of diseases.

This is an illustration of the researchers' target protein crystal.  Image: Christopher MacDermaid, University of Pennsylvania

Researchers Create First Custom Designed Protein Crystal

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Philadelphia, PA (Scicasts) – Protein design is technique that is increasingly valuable to a variety of fields, from biochemistry to therapeutics to materials engineering. University of Pennsylvania chemists have taken this kind of design a step further; using computational methods, they have created the first custom-designed protein crystal.

EasyGenomics - Next-generation cloud computing for biologists. Image: BGI

BGI Debuts 'EasyGenomics' Cloud-based Bioinformatics Solution

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Cambridge, MA and Shenzhen, China (Scicasts) – BGI, a China-based genomics organization, has introduced its latest-generation cloud-based Software as a Service (SaaS) solution, EasyGenomics, at the 10th Bio-IT World Conference & Expo being held April 24 to 26 in Boston, Mass.

University of Illinois engineers developed a method to computationally correct aberrations in three-dimensional tissue microscopy. From left, postdoctoral researcher Steven Adie, professor P. Scott Carney, graduate students Adeel Ahmad and Benedikt Graf, and professor Stephen Boppart. Image: L. Brian Stauffer

Computing the Best High-resolution 3-D Tissue Images

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Champaign, IL (Scicasts) ― Real-time, 3-D microscopic tissue imaging could be a revolution for medical fields such as cancer diagnosis, minimally invasive surgery and ophthalmology. University of Illinois researchers have developed a technique to computationally correct for aberrations in optical tomography, bringing the future of medical imaging into focus.

The image shows single-molecule identification. The green cross signs show the locations of single molecules using the super resolution technique.  Image: Image Courtesy of Lei Zhu and Bo Huang

Compressed Sensing Enhances Imaging of Live Cell Structures

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Atlanta, GA (Scicasts) – Researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology and University of California San Francisco have advanced scientists' ability to view a clear picture of a single cellular structure in motion. By identifying molecules using compressed sensing, this new method provides needed spatial resolution plus a faster temporal resolution than previously possible.

Different genes mutate at different rates, in the bacterium E. coli.  Image: EMBL/I.Martincorena

Bacteria Evolved Mechanism to Safeguard Crucial Genetic Material

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Heidelberg, Germany (Scicasts) – Just as banks store away only the most valuable possessions in the most secure safes, cells prioritise which genes they guard most closely, researchers at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) have found.

The 90000 Q-Series. Image: Agilent Technologies

Agilent Announces Real-Time Oscilloscopes with 63-GHz True Analogue Bandwidth

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Santa Clara, CA (Scicasts) - Agilent Technologies has introduced Infiniium 90000 Q-Series oscilloscopes with real-time bandwidth of 63 GHz on two channels and 33 GHz on four channels. The new lineup includes 10 four-channel models ranging from 20 GHz to 63 GHz, all of which are bandwidth upgradeable. These new scopes deliver the lowest noise and have the lowest jitter measurement floor in the oscilloscope industry, ensuring superior measurement accuracy.