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RNA Modification Influences Thousands of Genes

RNA Modification Influences Thousands of Genes

New York, NY (Scicasts) – Over the past decade, research in the field of epigenetics has revealed that chemically modified bases are abundant components of the human genome and has...

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Close-up of 2.5-cm-wide cell microarray. Each spot is printed with a different virus that overexpresses, or turns on, a kinase gene. In this image, cells are visualized using a fluorescent DNA stain, illustrating the precision with which cells can be localized on the microarray. Image: Courtesy of Kris Wood

Functional Genomics Gets Tiny

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Cambridge, MA (Scicasts) – A little more than a decade ago, researchers discovered an ancient mechanism that cells use to silence genes. Like a dimmer switch turning down a light, RNA interference (RNAi) dials down gene activity in simple organisms as well as in humans.

RNA Modification Influences Thousands of Genes

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New York, NY (Scicasts) – Over the past decade, research in the field of epigenetics has revealed that chemically modified bases are abundant components of the human genome and has forced us to abandon the notion we've had since high school genetics that DNA consists of only four bases.

Alexander B. Niculescu III, M.D., Ph.D. Image: Indiana University

Key Genes and Prototype Predictive Test for Schizophrenia Identified

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Indianapolis, IN (Scicasts) – An Indiana University-led research team, along with a group of national and international collaborators, has identified and prioritized a comprehensive group of genes most associated with schizophrenia that together can generate a score indicating whether an individual is at higher or lower risk of developing the disease.

This graphic depicts a new ultrasensitive biosensor that could open up new opportunities for early detection of cancer and 'personalized medicine' tailored to the specific biochemistry of individual patients. The device, called a Flexure-FET biosensor, could be several hundred times more sensitive than other biosensors. Image: Courtesy of Purdue University

New Biosensor Promising for Medical Diagnostics

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West Lafayette, IN (Scicasts) – Researchers have created an ultrasensitive biosensor that could open up new opportunities for early detection of cancer and "personalized medicine" tailored to the specific biochemistry of individual patients.

An international team created drug candidates based on the naturally occurring C3a peptide, the chain of molecules shown here. The C3a peptide is a key player in regulating immune responses and drugs that enhance or block its effects could be useful in treating many inflammatory diseases.  Image: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Novel Drug candidates Offer New Route to Controlling Inflammation

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Princeton, NJ (Scicasts) – Pursuing a relatively untapped route for regulating the immune system, an international team of researchers has designed and conducted initial tests on molecules that have the potential to treat diseases involving inflammation, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke and sepsis.

Using very small amounts of tumor tissue collected by a needle biopsy, doctors can conduct gene expression profile testing to determine the likelihood that an ocular melanoma tumor will spread beyond the eye.  Image: Harbour laboratory

Genetic Test Identifies Eye Cancer Tumours Likely to Spread

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St. Louis, MO (Scicasts) – Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have developed a genetic test that can accurately predict whether the most common form of eye cancer will spread to other parts of the body, particularly the liver.

Immunostaining of wild-type (top) and H1 triple-knockout (bottom) cultures under a neural differentiation protocol. The H1 triple-knockout cells were defective in forming neuronal and glial cells and a neural network, which is essential for nervous system development. Image: Yuhong Fan

Successful Stem Cell Differentiation Requires DNA Compaction

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Atlanta, GA (Scicasts) – New research findings show that embryonic stem cells unable to fully compact the DNA inside them cannot complete their primary task: differentiation into specific cell types that give rise to the various types of tissues and structures in the body.

Light Used to Switch On Gene Expression

Light Used to Switch On Gene Expression

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Raleigh, NC (Scicasts) – Imagine being able to control genetic expression by flipping a light switch. Researchers at North Carolina State University are using light-activated molecules to turn gene expression on and off. Their method enables greater precision when studying gene function, and could lead to targeted therapies for diseases like cancer.

A tiny tattoo-like electronic device could someday provide wireless pregnancy monitoring of maternal and fetal vital signs, giving expectant mother's more mobility and improving access to prenatal care in remote areas. Noting that mobile phone usage is often high even in areas with limited health care, professor Todd Coleman said the device could transmit bodily signals to a mobile phone, securely connecting the patient to a doctor thousands of miles away.  Image: Photo courtesy of Bioengineering Professor Todd Coleman, UC San Diego Jacobs Shool of Engineering.

Wireless Pregnancy Monitoring

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La Jolla, CA (Scicasts) – The University of California, San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering has announced that it is a Grand Challenges Explorations winner, an initiative funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Bioengineering Professor Todd Coleman, in collaboration with Materials Science and Engineering Professor John A. Rogers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, will pursue an innovative global health and development research project, titled "Epidermal Electronics for Continuous Pregnancy Monitoring."

Sequencing Works in Clinical Setting to Find Diagnosis

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Durham, NC (Scicasts) – Advanced high-speed gene-sequencing has been used in the clinical setting to find diagnoses for seven children out of a dozen who were experiencing developmental delays and congenital abnormalities for mysterious reasons.

The human immune system in action. This colored scanning electron microscope image shows a white blood cell (dyed red) in the act of destroying tuberculosis bacteria (yellow). The bacteria are surrounded by the cell membrane of the scavenger cell, then drawn inside and rendered harmless – ideally, forever.  Image: MPI for Infection Biology/Volker Brinkmann

Biosignatures Distinguish Between Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis

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München, Germany (Scicasts) – With a range of diseases, doctors need unique features which they can use to unequivocally identify a patient's illness for an appropriate diagnosis. Scientists therefore search for the biomarkers for an illness or a combination of biomarkers, known as biosignatures, which are as easy as possible to measure.