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Brain-computer Interface Used to Control Robotic Arms in Paralyzed Patients

Brain-computer Interface Used to Control Robotic Arms in Paralyzed Patients

Providence, RI (Scicasts) –  On April 12, 2011, nearly 15 years after she became paralyzed and unable to speak, a woman controlled a robotic arm by thinking about moving her...

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Alexander B. Niculescu III, M.D., Ph.D. Image: Indiana University

Key Genes and Prototype Predictive Test for Schizophrenia Identified

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Indianapolis, IN (Scicasts) – An Indiana University-led research team, along with a group of national and international collaborators, has identified and prioritized a comprehensive group of genes most associated with schizophrenia that together can generate a score indicating whether an individual is at higher or lower risk of developing the disease.

This graphic depicts a new ultrasensitive biosensor that could open up new opportunities for early detection of cancer and 'personalized medicine' tailored to the specific biochemistry of individual patients. The device, called a Flexure-FET biosensor, could be several hundred times more sensitive than other biosensors. Image: Courtesy of Purdue University

New Biosensor Promising for Medical Diagnostics

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West Lafayette, IN (Scicasts) – Researchers have created an ultrasensitive biosensor that could open up new opportunities for early detection of cancer and "personalized medicine" tailored to the specific biochemistry of individual patients.

The El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico is a tropical rainforest where a strain of the microbe Enterobacter lignolyticus was found that can tolerate an ionic liquid used to dissolve cellulosic biomass for microbial-based biofuel production. Image: Photo by Kristen DeAngelis

Rainforest Microbe That Can Handle Ionic Liquids

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Berkeley, CA (Scicasts) – In the search for technology by which economically competitive biofuels can be produced from cellulosic biomass, the combination of sugar-fermenting microbes and ionic liquid solvents looks to be a winner save for one major problem: the ionic liquids used to make cellulosic biomass more digestible for microbes can also be toxic to them. A solution to this conundrum, however, may be in the offing.

Image: University of Leeds

Different Mechanisms of Pain Revealed

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Leeds, UK (Scicasts) – Researchers at the University of Leeds have found a previously unknown mechanism through which pain is signalled by nerve cells – a discovery that could explain the current failings in the drug development process for painkillers and which may offer opportunities for a new approach.

An international team created drug candidates based on the naturally occurring C3a peptide, the chain of molecules shown here. The C3a peptide is a key player in regulating immune responses and drugs that enhance or block its effects could be useful in treating many inflammatory diseases.  Image: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Novel Drug candidates Offer New Route to Controlling Inflammation

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Princeton, NJ (Scicasts) – Pursuing a relatively untapped route for regulating the immune system, an international team of researchers has designed and conducted initial tests on molecules that have the potential to treat diseases involving inflammation, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke and sepsis.

Using very small amounts of tumor tissue collected by a needle biopsy, doctors can conduct gene expression profile testing to determine the likelihood that an ocular melanoma tumor will spread beyond the eye.  Image: Harbour laboratory

Genetic Test Identifies Eye Cancer Tumours Likely to Spread

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St. Louis, MO (Scicasts) – Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have developed a genetic test that can accurately predict whether the most common form of eye cancer will spread to other parts of the body, particularly the liver.

Neil Hayes, MD, MPH. Image: UNC

Molecular Subtypes and Genetic Alterations May Determine Response to Lung Cancer Therapy

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Chapel Hill, NC (Scicasts) – Cancer therapies targeting specific molecular subtypes of the disease allow physicians to tailor treatment to a patient’s individual molecular profile. But scientists are finding that in many types of cancer the molecular subtypes are more varied than previously thought and contain further genetic alterations that can affect a patient’s response to therapy.

Dipak Sarkar, professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences and his research team have been able to take a new pharmacological approach to activate the immune cells to prevent cancer growth through stimulation of the opiate receptors found on immune cells. Image: Rutgers University

Researchers Discover Novel Approach to Stimulate Immune Cells

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New Brunswick, NJ (Scicasts) – Researchers at Rutgers University have uncovered a new way to stimulate activity of immune cell opiate receptors, leading to efficient tumour cell clearance.

Dipak Sarkar, professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences and his research team have been able to take a new pharmacological approach to activate the immune cells to prevent cancer growth through stimulation of the opiate receptors found on immune cells.

‘Switch’ to Boost Anti-Viral Response to Fight Infectious Diseases Discovered

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Singapore (Scicasts) – Singapore scientists from Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI) under the Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), have  identified the molecular ‘switch’ that directly triggers the body’s first line of defence against pathogens, more accurately known as the body’s “innate immunity”. The scientists found that this ‘switch’ called Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) when turned on, activates the production of interferons - a potent class of virus killers that enables the body to fight harmful pathogens such as dengue and influenza viruses.